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Atlas 2 - Foundation models for clinical deployment

Maximilian Alber
Timo Milbich
Alexandra Carpen-Amarie
Stephan Tietz
Jonas Dippel
Lukas Muttenthaler
Beatriz Perez Cancer
Alessandro Benetti
Panos Korfiatis
Elias Eulig
Jérôme Lüscher
Jiasen Wu
Sayed Abid Hashimi
Gabriel Dernbach
Simon Schallenberg
Neelay Shah
Moritz Krügener
Aniruddh Jammoria
Jake Matras
Patrick Duffy
Matt Redlon
Philipp Jurmeister
David Horst
Lukas Ruff
Klaus-Robert Müller
Frederick Klauschen
Andrew Norgan

January 08, 2026

Pathology foundation models substantially advanced the possibilities in computational pathology -- yet tradeoffs in terms of performance, robustness, and computational requirements remained, which limited their clinical deployment. In this report, we present Atlas 2, Atlas 2-B, and Atlas 2-S, three pathology vision foundation models which bridge these shortcomings by showing state-of-the-art performance in prediction performance, robustness, and resource efficiency in a comprehensive evaluation across eighty public benchmarks. Our models were trained on the largest pathology foundation model dataset to date comprising 5.5 million histopathology whole slide images, collected from three medical institutions Charité - Universtätsmedizin Berlin, LMU Munich, and Mayo Clinic.